Analyze point of view (Inclusive Big Idea #6)

Reading Literature

Grade 6: English Language Arts

Inclusive Big Idea #6: Analyze point of view

Standard: Explain how an author develops the point of view of the narrator or speaker in a text. RL.6.6

• Anchor Text: Use an anchor text like Wonder by R.J. Palacio, in which each chapter is presented by a different character. After getting to know the characters in the first few chapters, pull excerpts from later chapters and present them to the students. Ask them to predict which character is telling the story in each excerpt. Keep track of the students’ predictions and refer back to them when reading the relevant chapter. Learn more about accessing grade-level text in this TIP Sheet.
• Venn Diagram: Students can write or sort the points of view into a Venn diagram, showing which are the same and which are different. Teachers and students can discuss the similarities/differences. Learn more about graphic organizers in this TIP Sheet.
• Storyboard: Students can create storyboards for a single event in the story from two different points of view
• Grand Conversations: To delve deeper into the point of view of the narrative, conduct a grand conversation with the class. Sitting in a circle or with a small group, pose questions about various points of view for students to answer. Questions may include:
  • What is the narrative point of view?
  • How does this point of view influence your interpretation of the story?
  • How does the author develop the point of view through the narrator?
  • Who told the story? Was the narrator a character in the story? How did the narrator affect your reading of the story?
  • How would the text have changed if a different character told the story?
  • Why do you think the author chose the narrator he/she did to tell the story?
• Think Aloud: The purpose for asking students questions about texts is to get them into the habit of self-questioning as they read by themselves. To model this, read aloud a book in front of the class. As you read the story, analyze the point of view of the narrator and how this point of view influences the reader’s interpretation of the story. Use signal words in the dialogue to help identify the POV. Ensure all students have access to the questions through AAC or a list.
• Graphic Organizers: Students can use graphic organizers and key words to develop their understanding of POV. Learn more about graphic organizers in this TIP Sheet.

For example, one possible barrier is if the lesson does not support students to know how to get started.

Ideas to reduce this barrier could include:

• provide sentence starters or sentence strips
• use Google Doc templates students can add to and collaborate to build, sort, or match text excerpts to character points of view
• use graphic organizers to provide key look fors related to point of view (“I” = first person).

Use these Inclusive Strategies to help reduce barriers.

• Why Do We Teach Point of View/Author’s Purpose? Determining the author’s purpose and the point of view of a text can help students deepen their understanding of what they read and read with a critical lens. These are lifelong skills readers need when critically analyzing text to distinguish different perspectives and/or determine propaganda.
• What Vocabulary Should I Know and Teach?
  • characters- person/persons in a story
  • setting- place where the story happens
  • plot- sequence of events involving characters in conflict situations
  • point of view- perspective from which the story is told
  • first person point of view- a character is the narrator who tells the story
  • third person point of view- story is told by an outside observer who is not in the story
  • author’s purpose- the reason an author writes something
  • inform- to teach
  • entertain- to enjoy, for pleasure, usually a story
  • persuade- to convince someone
• What is First Person Point of View?
  • A character in the story is the narrator who tells the story. The narrator uses the pronouns I, me, and we.
  • In first person point of view, readers learn about events as the narrator learns about them.
  • “When I got up this morning, I brushed my Then I got dressed and ate my breakfast.”
• What is Third Person Point of View?
  • The story is being told by an outside observer (someone who is not in the story). The author uses the pronouns he, she, and they.
  • In third person point of view, the author can tell about the thoughts, actions, and feelings of the other characters.
  • “The princess was locked in the tower. She had no way to escape. She hoped that a prince would rescue her. Her wish came true. He came and took her to his castle.”

Common Student Misconceptions

• Point of View: Students commonly mistake point of view for what the author thinks or a character’s “opinion” about something. Students must understand that an author’s use of POV influences how the story is told. If a story is told from first person POV, the author is presenting the events from the personal perspective and experience of a single character. If a story is told from third person POV, the author is intentionally limiting (third person limited) or sharing (third person omniscient) the reader’s awareness of the thoughts and feelings of all characters to let the story unfold. While less common, there is a second person POV where stories are told directly for the narrator to a specific individual, signaled by dialogue that speaks directly to the reader as if he were a character.

Links Across Content Areas

• Social Studies: When reviewing primary and secondary source documents, which are informational texts, ask students to identify the pronouns used in the document and identify whether the text is from the first or third person point of view. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each when it comes to accounts of historical or current events. Students can also practice author’s purpose and point of view skills when discussing campaign advertisements and speeches.

Fifth Grade: Compare points of view (RL 6)

Sixth Grade: Determine point of view and its impact on a text (RI 6)

Seventh Grade: Analyze point of view (RL 6)